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| Variable | Attributes | Theory (based on qualitative analysis) |
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| When I am administering antibiotics to the cow with mastitis, I consider that it is okay to consume its milk at home or to sell it in the village | 98.6% disagree
BTSCC and CFU higher for those who disagree | Self-consumption of milk
Milk produced on the farm is an essential food for families
Some dairy farmers prefer pasteurized milk because of the risks of raw milk
Many are unaware that bovine mastitis bacteria can affect human health
Some believe that the cooling tank kills bacteria in raw milk
Use of milk with antibiotics
In calf feeding
Self-consumption on the farm
Those who put their ethics first discard milk. However, protocols are required to avoid soil and water contamination. |
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| Intention to sell milk in the village when the dairy industry does not buy it for high BTSCC | 25.9% agree to sell it despite poor quality
BTSCC and CFU higher for those who disagree on selling milk with poor sanitary quality in the village | Control of the dairy industry
Government control over the quality of milk is only applied to large dairy and processing industries
There is no government control over drug suppliers |
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| Type of informed selling of the milk produced | 1.4% report in surveys that they trade informally
CFU and BTSCC higher for those who do informal trade | Informal milk trade
In interviews, most dairy farmers reported informal trade of milk containing antibiotics
Dairy farmers’ decisions about milk marketing are influenced by the following factors:
Lack of education and accompaniment to the dairy farmer
High cost of inputs
The lack of tertiary roads makes formal milk marketing difficult
Problems with electricity supply
Some dairy farmers prefer to sell their milk to a company that does not demand quality milk
Milk with antibiotics is marketed in liquid form, or transformed into cheese, curds, or bakery products
Tank truck drivers who return milk with antibiotics to the dairy farmer promote informal trade
Informal collectors represent an alternative to reduce the economic loss when they must discard milk
Informal trade is increasing as it is more profitable to process poor-quality milk bought at low prices
Meat from cows with chronic mastitis subjected to antibiotics is taken to the informal trade
Large dairy farmers generate processing companies where they take their withdrawal milk
Informal trade within the formal trade by medium and large milk collection and processing companies
Imports of milk and whey promote enlechadas and the informal trade |
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| I am concerned about consumer health if I sell milk in the village from cows that dairy companies would not buy from me | 99.5% are concerned
Higher BTSCC and lower CFU in milk from farms whose dairy farmer is not concerned about consumer health | Beliefs about the elimination of antibiotics in milk
The mistaken belief that pasteurization eliminates antibiotics in milk
It is believed that diluting milk with antibiotics in more milk is sufficient and does not impact health
It is believed that the addition of pasteurization, curdling, heating, and baking of products such as pandequeso denatures antibiotics completely |
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