On the Performance of MMSE Channel Estimation in Massive MIMO Systems over Spatially Correlated Rician Fading Channels

Table 1

Acronyms and abbreviations.

Abbreviation	Full form
5G	Fifth-generation
AMSE	Average mean squared error
AoA	Angle of arrival
AWGN	Additive white Gaussian noise
B5G	Beyond-5G
BS	Base station
CSI	Channel state information
CDF	Cumulative distribution function
DL	Downlink
EE	Energy efficiency
EW-MMSE	Element-wise minimum-mean-square-error
HE	Hardware efficiency
ICE	Imperfect channel estimation
IoT	Internet-of-things
i.i.d.	Independent and identically distributed
LMMSE	Linear minimum-mean-square-error
LOS	Line-of-sight
LS	Least-square
MMSE	Minimum-mean-square-error
M-MIMO	Massive multiple-input multiple-output
MSE	Mean square error
ML	Maximum-likelihood
NLOS	Non-line-of-sight
NMSE	Normalized mean square error
PDF	Probability density function
RCEE	Relative channel estimation error
SE	Spectral efficiency
SNR	Signal-to-noise ratio
UE	User equipment
ULA	Uniform linear array
UL	Uplink