Research Article

Optimizing Energy Storage System Operations and Configuration through a Whale Optimization Algorithm Enhanced with Chaotic Mapping and IoT Data: Enhancing Efficiency and Longevity of Energy Storage Stations

Table 1

The time-of-use electricity prices used in the simulation case.

Highest peaks and lowest valleys

Time cycle19:00–22:008:00–11:00
15:00–19:00
7:00-8:00
11:00–15:00
22:00-23:00
23:00–7:00
Commercial electricity price/yuan/kW·h0.980.880.650.44
Industrial electricity price/yuan/kW h0.930.850.580.41