Review Article
Dark Matter: A Primer
Table 1
The particles predicted by the Standard Model. Approximate masses of particles as last reported by the Particle Data Group [
30].
| (a) Fermions |
| | Generation 1 | Generation 2 | Generation 3 | | Particle | Mass (MeV) | Charge | Particle | Mass (MeV) | Charge | Particle | Mass (MeV) | Charge |
| | up quark () | 2.55 | + | charm quark () | 1270 | + | top quark () | 171200 | + | | down quark () | 5.04 | | strange quark () | 104 | | bottom quark () | 4200 | | | electron () | 0.511 | −1 | muon () | 105.7 | −1 | tau () | 1776.8 | −1 | | neutrino () | <2. | 0 | neutrino () | 0.19 | 0 | neutrino () | 18.2 | 0 |
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| (b) Gauge Bosons |
| | Particle | Force | Acts through | Acts on | Mass (MeV) | Charge |
| | Photon () | Electromagnetic | Electric charge | Electrically charged particles | <1 × | 0 | | boson () | Weak nuclear | Weak interaction | Quarks and leptons | 91188 | 0 | | bosons () | Weak nuclear | Weak interaction | Quarks and leptons | 80398 | 1 | | Gluon () | Strong nuclear | Color charge | Quarks and gluons | 0 | 0 | | Higgs boson () | Higgs force | Higgs field | Massive particles | 114400 | 0 |
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