Optimal Application Timing of Pest Control Tactics in Nonautonomous Pest Growth Model

Figure 2

Supposing that one-pulse controlling is implemented in each period 𝑇, we plot the solution curve of system (4). We fixed all parameters as follows: 𝑟(𝑡)=0.7+0.1cos(0.4𝜋𝑡), 𝑎(𝑡)=1/(50+9sin(0.4𝜋𝑡)), 𝑏(𝑡)=0.5+0.02sin(0.4𝜋𝑡), 𝑐(𝑡)=0.5𝑏(𝑡), 𝛿(𝑡)=0.3+0.2cos(0.4𝜋𝑡), 𝑝₁=0.25, 𝜎₁=1, 𝑥₀=2.6, and 𝑦₀=1. The impulsive timing is (a-b) 𝜏_1min=0.95; (c-d) 𝜏₁=2.5; (e-f) 𝜏^′₁=3.5.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)