Optimal Application Timing of Pest Control Tactics in Nonautonomous Pest Growth Model

Figure 3

The effects of the impulsive period 𝑇, the releasing quantity 𝜎₁, the killing rate 𝑝₁, and the death rate 𝑏(𝑡) on the threshold condition 𝑅₀. The baseline parameter values are as follows: 𝑟(𝑡)=1.8+0.3cos(0.4𝜋𝑡), 𝑏(𝑡)=1+0.2sin(0.4𝜋𝑡), 𝛿(𝑡)=0.5+0.1cos(0.4𝜋𝑡), 𝑝₁=0.25, 𝑇=5, 𝜎₁=5. (a) The effect of the period 𝑇 on 𝑅₀; (b) the effect of the releasing quantity 𝜎₁ on 𝑅₀; (c) the effect of pest killing rate 𝑝₁ on 𝑅₀; (d) the effect of death rate 𝑏₀ on 𝑅₀.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)