Impact of Improved Forage Technology Adoption on Dairy Productivity and Household Income: A Propensity Score Matching Estimation in Northern Ethiopia

Table 2

Description, measurement, and expected sign of hypothesized variables.

Variable name	Measurement unit	Expected sign
Dependent variable
Adoption of improved forage technologies	1 if household used improved varieties and 0 otherwise
Outcome variables
Income from sales of milk	Birr
Milk yield	Liter
Independent variable
Age of the household	Age of the household head (in years)	−/+ve
Sex of a household	0 for female and 1 for male	−Ve
Educational level	Year	+ve
Total farm size	Land holding (ha)	+ve
Annual income	Household annual income in Ethiopia birr	+ve
Improved cattle owned	Livestock ownership in TLU	+ve
Extension contact	Twice a month, once a month, and once in a season	+ve
Attend filed day	1 if household participate in field day and 0 otherwise	+ve
Attend in training	1 if household attend in training and 0 otherwise	+ve
Market distance	Distances of market in kilometer	−Ve