Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Agriculture and Its Role in Maintaining Ecological Balance and Biodiversity

Table 1

Some insect pest’s predators and parasitoids [41].

Stages attacked	Predators of-			Parasitoids of-
	Crickets	Leaf folders	Brown planthopper	Yellow stem borer	Leaf folders	Brown planthopper
Egg	Conocephalus longipennis	Conocephalus Longipennis, M. vittaticollis, Cyrtorhinus Lividipennis, Reuter, Micraspis crocea, Mulsant	Cyrtorhinus lividipennis	Trichogramma Japonicum, Tetrastichus Schoenobii, Telenomus rowani (Gahan), Ashmead, Ferriere	Copidosomopsis Nacoleiae, (Eady), Trichogramma Japonicum, (Ashmead)	Anagrus spp., Oligosita yasumatsui, (Viggiani and Subba Rao)
Larva	Micraspis spp., Lycosa pseudoannulata (Boesenberg and Strand), Ants, Ophionea spp., Microveli douglasi Atronlinea, Mesovelia vittigera, and Limnogonus fassarum (F.)	Ophionea spp, Water bugs, Lycosa pseudoannulata, Ants, Micraspis spp.	Synharmoni octomaculata (F.), Lycosa Pseudoannulata, Paederus fuscipes Curtis, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, Migrovelia douglasi atrolineata Bergroth	Bracon chinensis, Szepligeti, Temelucha philippinensis, Ashmead, Stenobracon nicevillei (Bingham)	Uchida, Trichomma enaphalocrosis, Cotesia augustibasis, Temelucha philippinensis	Pseudogonatopus spp.
Pupa	Also attacks adults		Paederus fuscipes Curtis, Synharmoni octomaculata	Tetrastichus ayyari	Tetrastichus ayyari, Xanthopimpla, Flavolineata Cameron, Rohwer	Pseudogonatopus spp.