Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Agriculture and Its Role in Maintaining Ecological Balance and Biodiversity

Table 2

Common entomopathogenic microorganisms and their target pests [51].

Target pests	Entomopathogens
Acarina, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Thysanoptera, and other pests nematodes that parasitize plants	Fungi—Hirsutella thompsonii, Isaria fumosorosea, Lecanicillium lecanii, L. longisporum, Metarhizium anisopliae, M. brunneum, and Paecilomyces lilacinus
Lepidoptera	Viruses—Nucelopolyhedrovirus (NPV)Spodoptera exigua NPVHelicoverpa zea NPVGranulovirus (GV)Cydia pomonella GV
A number of orders of soil-borne pests	Nematodes—Steinernema carpocapsae, H. heliothidis, S. feltiae, S. carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
Lepidoptera; Diptera; Lepidoptera; Coleoptera; Japanese beetle	Bacteria—Paenibacillus papillice, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawal, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki, and B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis.