Leg Stiffness and Vertical Stiffness of Habitual Forefoot and Rearfoot Strikers during Running

Table 1

Comparison of leg and vertical stiffness, impact parameters, and sagittal angles at initial contact between runners with hRFS and hFFS ().

	hRFS	hFFS	values	Cohen’s
Stiffness parameters
Kleg(KN/m)			0.010	0.60
Kvert(KN/m)			0.418	0.18
(s)			<0.001	0.85
(m)			0.002	0.72
(m)			0.511	0.15
vGRFpeak(BW)			0.040	0.47
Impact parameters
IP (BW)			<0.001	1.65
VALR (BW/s)			<0.001	1.20
VILR (BW/s)			<0.001	1.14
Sagittal angles at initial contact
Hip			0.020	0.61
Knee			<0.001	1.15
Ankle			<0.001	4.15

MD: mean difference; CI: confidence interval; Kleg: leg stiffness; Kvert: vertical stiffness; : contact time; : maximum leg compression during stance; : vertical displacement of the center of mass during stance; vGRF peak: peak vertical ground reaction force; IP: impact peak; VALR: vertical average loading rate; VILR: vertical instantaneous loading rate. means with significant difference between runners with hRFS and hFFS ().