[Retracted] Heart Rate Variability and Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Table 1
Clinical characteristics of patients according to eGFR and UACR statusa.
Low-eGFRb
High-eGFRc
UACR1d
UACR2e
UACR3f
Subjects,
50
334
—
242
72
30
—
Age (y)
≤0.001
0.325
Female (%)
60.00
52.09
0.296
54.54
55.56
40.00
0.296
BMI (kg/m2)
0.003
g
g
0.001
Smoking (%)
4.16
12.10
0.105
11.46
13.79
9.09
0.891
Drinking (%)
4.16
9.76
0.212
10.42
14.29
0
0.17
Diabetes (y)
8 (4-13)
3 (0.16-8)
≤0.001
4 (0.32-8)
8 (2-13.5)g
7 (2-20)g
0.005
Hypertension (%)
84
52.72
≤0.001
52.5
63.89
73.33 g
0.036
Hypoglycemia (%)
36
17.37
0.002
17.36
33.33g
26.67
0.012
Diabetic retinopathy (%)
40
26.50
0.121
19.28
50g
66.7g
≤0.001
Hemoglobin A1c (%)
0.648
g
≤0.001
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)
7.7 (7.0-12.6)
5.1 (4.3-6.3)
≤0.001
5.10 (4.30-6.20)
5.60 (4.45-6.25)
5.45 (4.10-10.60)
0.054
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)
128 (97.8-189.7)
77 (68-89)
≤0.001
80 (69-92)
76.50 (69.50-96.50)
102.25 (96-107)g, h
≤0.001
Blood uric acid (μmol/L)
≤0.001
g, h
0.019
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)
≤0.001
g
≤0.001
UACR (mg/g Cr)
33.99 (12.04-591.73)
10.2 (6.41-31.01)
≤0.001
7.86 (5-12.21)
64.57 (35.9-148.58)g
1645.06 (1034.1-5057.6)g, h
≤0.001
AHT (%)
Calcium antagonist
36
26.97
0.186
24.37
27.78
40
0.108
RASS inhibitor
36
20
0.011
16.8
27.78g
46.67g
≤0.001
Beta-blocker
4
6.06
0.561
5.88
8.33
6.67
0.759
Diuretic
12
8.48
0.417
7.56
5.56
20g, h
0.042
Diabetes treatment (%)
OADs
36
41.91
0.428
43.80
36.11
26.67
0.133
Insulin
62
44.91
0.024
48.35
52.78
46.67
0.773
aDifferences which were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test; blow-eGFR: <60 mL/min/1.73 m2; chigh-eGFR: ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2; dUACR1: <30 mg/g Cr; eUACR2: 30-299 mg/g Cr; f UACR3: >300 mg/g Cr; g compared to UACR1; h compared to UACR2. eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR: urinary albumin : creatinine ratio; BMI: body mass index; AHT: antihypertensive therapy; OAD: oral antihyperglycemic drug.
