[Retracted] Heart Rate Variability and Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Table 2

HRV parameters in T2DM stratified by eGFR and UACR status.

	Low-eGFR^a	High-eGFR^b		UACR1^c	UACR2^d	UACR3^e
SDNN (ms)	96 (79.75-134)	121 (98-148)	0.001	123 (103-149)	113 (90-138)^f	95 (66-110)^f, g	≤0.001
RMSSD (ms)	40 (23.5-71)	47 (35-72)	0.129	47 (34-76)	46 (33-72)	40 (22-57)^f, g	0.032
SDANN (ms)	78 (66-114)	117 (89-160)	≤0.001	117 (93-148)	105 (74-132)	74 (66-101)^f, g	≤0.001
SDNN index (ms)	39 (22-63)	50 (39-62)	0.021	50 (39-62)	50 (35-66)	31 (19-46)^f, g	≤0.001
LF (Hz)	3072 (256.75-10176)	4356 (651-9050)	0.328	4544 (994-10066)	1320 (468-8332)	593 (110-6701)^f, g	0.001
HF (Hz)	9568 (422-19664.75)	6639 (862-15988)	0.648	7287.5 (862-19190)	4676 (879-15781)	1383 (125-11749)^f	0.039
LF/HF (Hz)	0.5 (0.35-0.61)	0.61 (0.47-0.99)	≤0.001	0.57 (0.47-0.98)	0.62 (0.45-0.99)	0.54 (0.43-0.78)	0.606

^aLow-eGFR: <60 mL/min/1.73 m²; ^bhigh-eGFR: ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m²; ^cUACR₁: <30 mg/g Cr; ^dUACR₂: 30-299 mg/g Cr; ^eUACR₃: >300 mg/g Cr; ^f compared to UACR₁; ^g compared to UACR₂. eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR: urinary albumin : creatinine ratio; SDNN: standard deviation of the RR interval; RMSSD: the root mean square difference of successive RR intervals; SDANN: standard deviation of the averaged normal RR intervals for all 5-minute segments; SDNN index: the mean of the standard deviations of all normal RR intervals for all 5-minute segments; LF: low frequency; HF: high frequency; LF/HF: the ratio of low-to-high-frequency power.