Research on Knee Joint Load and Influencing Factors of Typical Tai Chi Movements

Table 1

Mean and standard deviation of the peak vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and joint moment of the left knee joint in the tai chi typical movements under different poses (VGRF unit: N/BW; moment unit: N·m/kg).

Variables	Pose	Pose effect	Wild horse’s mane	Repulse monkey	Wave-hand in cloud	Grasp the bird’s tail	Movement effect	Interaction
VGRF	High	,	^d	^d	^d	^abc	,	,
	Low		^bd	^ad	^d	^abc
Flexion	High	,	^d	^d		^ab	,	,
	Low		^d			^a
Extension	High	,	^c	^c	^abd	^c	,	,
	Low		^c	^c	^abd	^c
Abduction	High	,	^cd	^cd	^ab	^ab	,	,
	Low		^cd	^cd	^ab	^ab
Adduction	High	,	^b	^a			,	,
	Low		^bc	^ad	^ad	^bc
Internal rotation	High	,					,	,
	Low		^b	^ad		^b
External rotation	High	,	^cd	^cd	^abd	^abc	,	,
	Low		^cd	^cd	^abd	^abc

^aSignificant difference from wild horse’s mane in the same pose, . ^bSignificant difference from repulse monkey in the same pose, . ^cSignificant difference from wave-hand in cloud in the same pose, . ^dSignificant difference from grasp the bird’s tail in the same pose, . Significant differences between the low pose and high pose in same movement, .