Noninvasive Evaluation of the Biomechanical Accommodations to Bolus Volume during Human Swallowing

Figure 1

Schematic representations of the sensing system and recordings. (a) A subject with tongue pressure sensor sheets, surface electrodes, bend sensors, and microphones. (b) Tongue pressure sensor sheet. (c) Surface electrodes. (d) Bend sensor. (e) Microphone. (f) The tongue pressure waveform. (g) The EMG of swallowing-related muscle. (h) The laryngeal signal waveform and marked time point. (i) The swallowing sound waveform. TP_on, onset of tongue pressure; TP_max, time of maximum tongue pressure; TP_off, offset of tongue pressure; TP_peak, peak value of tongue pressure; EMG_on, onset of electromyography; EMG_max, time of peak electromyography, EMG_off, offset of electromyography; EMG_peak, peak value of electromyography; T1, onset of hyoid slight movement; T2, onset of hyoid rapid movement; T4, onset of stationary phase of the hyoid; T5, offset of the stationary phase of the hyoid; T6, offset of hyoid movement. T3 and T7 were confirmed to be meaningless for hyoid activity.