The Effect of Standing Mats on Biomechanical Characteristics of Lower Limbs and Perceived Exertion for Healthy Individuals during Prolonged Standing

Table 2

Comparison of perceived exertion and foot biomechanical parameters change within and between groups.

Items	Subitems	Group	Paired test				Student’s -test
			Before	After	Mean difference	value		value
RPE (point)	Foot	GS				<0.05	2.60	<0.05
		MS				<0.05
	Shank	GS				<0.05	2.95	<0.05
		MS				<0.05
	Knee	GS				<0.05	2.95	<0.05
		MS				<0.05
	Thigh	GS				<0.05	2.95	<0.05
		MS				<0.05
	Waist	GS				<0.05	3.54	<0.01
		MS				<0.05
COP amplitude (mm)	X-axis	GS				0.08	2.45	<0.05
		MS				0.07
	Y-axis	GS				0.10	2.14	<0.05
		MS				<0.05
Peak plantar pressure (kPa)	BH	GS				<0.05	0.56	0.581
		MS				0.21
	OT	GS				<0.05	0.16	0.874
		MS				<0.05
	MF	GS				<0.05	2.35	<0.05
		MS				0.46
	LF	GS				<0.05	2.63	<0.05
		MS				0.14
	M	GS				0.25	2.60	<0.05
		MS				0.30
	H	GS				0.44	2.95	<0.05
		MS				0.55
AI	AI	GS				0.67	2.68	<0.05
		MS				0.85

GS: hard ground surface; MS: standing mat surface; BH: hallux; OT: other toes; MF: median foot; LF: lateral foot; M: midfoot; H heal; AI: arch index.