Inspired by the Black Ghost Knifefish: Bionic Design of Undulatory Fin with 2-DOF Rays and Its Propulsion Performance

Figure 11

Force of the ribbon fin model at different swing amplitudes and swing frequencies: (a) X-direction force at different swing amplitudes; (b) Y-direction force at different swing amplitudes; (c) Z-direction force at different swing amplitudes; (d) X-direction force at different swing frequencies; (e) Y-direction force at different swing frequencies; (f) Z-direction force at different swing frequencies.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)