Effects of Error Modulation-Based Visual and Haptic Feedback Fusion Strategies on Motor Learning and Motivation

<div>The RMS of sEMG signals in the Training, Short-term assessment, and Short-term generalization assessment. (a) Training, (b) Short-term assessment, and (c) Short-term generalization assessment. NEM, visual and haptic feedback without error modulation; VAHR, visual error amplification combined with haptic error reduction; VRHA, visual error reduction combined with haptic error amplification; RMS, root mean square; BB, biceps brachii; FCR, flexor carpi radialis; ECR, extensor carpi radialis; AD, anterior deltoid. <span class="nowrap"><svg height="11.2224pt" id="M76" style="vertical-align:-1.1199pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.1025 89.7861 11.2224" width="89.7861pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,2.179,-5.741)"><path d="M486 158C486 177 478 202 466 220C413 228 386 236 336 262C386 288 413 297 466 304C478 323 486 347 485 366C470 376 444 381 422 380C389 338 368 319 321 288C323 345 329 372 349 422C339 442 322 461 305 470C289 461 271 442 262 422C281 372 287 345 290 288C243 319 222 338 189 380C167 381 142 376 125 366C125 347 133 322 145 304C198 296 225 288 275 262C225 236 198 227 145 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Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

fig9

Figure 9

Figure 9: Effects of Error Modulation-Based Visual and Haptic Feedback Fusion Strategies on Motor Learning and Motivation 