Motion Accuracy of Pneumatic Stepper Motor-Driven Robotic System Developed for MRI-Guided High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment of Prostate Disease

<div>Four error distributions, each derived from 40 samples: (a) the upper panel represents forward linear motion along the <i>Z</i>-axis with 3-mm step increments, while the lower panel represents backward linear motion along the same axis. (b) The upper panel illustrates CW rotational motion along the <i>Φ</i>-axis with 8.6° step increments, and the lower panel illustrates CCW rotational motion along the same axis. Error bars in each distribution represent statistical uncertainties. Gaussian functions were employed to fit each distribution and determine mean, SEM, and SD.</div>

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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Figure 12

Figure 12: Motion Accuracy of Pneumatic Stepper Motor-Driven Robotic System Developed for MRI-Guided High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment of Prostate Disease 

Figure 12 | Motion Accuracy of Pneumatic Stepper Motor-Driven Robotic System Developed for MRI-Guided High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment of Prostate Disease 