The Bearing Capacity of Circular Footings in Sand: Comparison between Model Tests and Numerical Simulations Based on a Nonlinear Mohr Failure Envelope

Table 2

Test results for Esbjerg sand, *estimated value.

Confining pressure σ 3 [kPa]	Relative density 𝐷𝑟	Peak angle of friction φ peak [deg.]	Angle of dilation ψ max [deg.]	Modified peak angle of friction φ mod [deg.]
1.5	0.20	44.3	7.0*	37.2
5.3	0.20	39.0	5.2	33.6
20	0.20	35.2	3.5	30.8
50	0.20	33.0	2.7	29.2
100	0.20	31.8	1.5	28.1
1.5	0.59	47.6	17.0*	42.0
5.3	0.59	44.8	13.4	39.3
20	0.59	42.4	10.8	37.2
50	0.59	40.0	11.0	35.7
100	0.59	38.9	9.4	34.6
1.5	0.84	53.3	23.0*	47.0
5.3	0.84	48.6	18.3	43.0
20	0.84	46.1	14.8	40.1
50	0.84	42.4	15.5	38.7
100	0.84	41.3	13.7	37.6