|
| Proposal | Technique | Validation |
|
| Wilmot and Mei [24] | ML: ANN | Have not been mentioned |
| An et al. [26] | ML: SVM | Comparison with methods for assessing conceptual cost estimates |
| Petroutsatou et al. [23] | ML: ANN | By comparison with other models in literature |
| Jafarzadeh et al. [25] | ML: ANN | Have not been mentioned |
| Hola and Schabowicz [27] | ML: ANN | Have not been mentioned |
| Son et al. [28] | ML: SVM | Comparison with other techniques such as ANN and a decision tree (DT) |
| Cheng and Hoang [29] | ML: SVM | Have not been mentioned |
| Ji et al. [30] | KBS: case-based reasoning | Using case study |
| Choi et al. [31] | KBS: case-based reasoning | By comparison with previous conceptual cost estimation studies |
|
K. J. Kim and K. Kim [32] | KBS: case-based reasoning | Have not been mentioned |
| Yildiz et al. [33] | KBS | By doing interview with experts |
| Lee et al. [34] | KBS: ontology | Comparison with other techniques |
| Karakas et al. [41] | ABS: MAS | Interview with expert |
| Rojas and Mukherjee [42] | ABS: multiagent | Have not been mentioned |
| Kim [36] | KBS: case-based reasoning and analytical hierarchy process | Case study |
|
de Albuquerque et al. [38] | ES: genetic algorithm | Have not been mentioned |
| Rogalska et al. [37] | ES: hybrid genetic evolutionary algorithm | By comparing the result with case studies from literature |
| Ghoddousi et al. [35] | ES: genetic algorithm | By comparing the result with case studies from literature |
| Afshar et al. [39] | ES: ant colony | By comparing the results with case studies in construction optimisation |
| Zhang and Ng [40] | ES: ant colony | By comparing the results with an academic benchmark |
| Kim et al. [43] | HS: statistics, CBR, and database | By comparing the result with case study from literature |
| Cheng et al. [44] | HS: SVM and DE | By comparing the result with other methods |
| Kim et al. [45] | HS: ANN and GA | Have not been mentioned |
|
Yu and Skibniewski [46] | HS: ANN and fuzzy system | By using a case study of residential building construction projects in China |
| Williams and Gong [47] | HS: text mining, numerical data, and ensemble classifiers | Have not been mentioned |
| Cheng et al. [48] | HS: ANN, GA, and fuzzy system | Have not been mentioned |
| Zhang and Xing [49] | HS: fuzzy and particle swarm optimisation | Have not been mentioned |
|
