Effects of Water Inrush from Tunnel Excavation Face on the Deformation and Mechanical Performance of Shield Tunnel Segment Joints

<div>The contact relationship among the grouting layer, segment, and the surrounding rocks. (a) Model of the segmental lining. (b) 3D contact relationship.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

fig4

Figure 4

Figure 4: Effects of Water Inrush from Tunnel Excavation Face on the Deformation and Mechanical Performance of Shield Tunnel Segment Joints 