Field Observation and Theoretical Study on an Existing Tunnel Underpassed by New Twin Tunnels

Figure 20

(a) The effects of different reinforcement stiffness on the deflection of the existing tunnel. (b) The effects of different reinforcement stiffness on the slope of the existing tunnel. (c) The effects of different reinforcement stiffness on the normalized moment of the existing tunnel. (d) The effects of different reinforcement stiffness on the normalized shear force of the existing tunnel.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)