Investigation of Thermal Cooling Effectiveness of RRVCS for Permafrost Protection under Wide Expressway Embankment

Table 4

Pavement structure and material parameters.

	Upper asphalt layer	Lower asphalt layer	Base	Subbase	Cushion
Material	AC13	AC20	ATP25	Cement stabilized macadam	Graded gravel
Thickness (m)	0.04	0.05	0.12	0.24	0.2
Density (kg·m^−3)	2300	2320	2350	2200	2000
Specific capacity (J·kg^−1·K^−1)	1670	1670	1260	960	1100
Thermal conductivity (W·m^−1·K^−1)	1.15	1.20	0.81	1.56	1.68