Hysteretic Behavior of Eccentrically Loaded Reinforced Air-Entrained Concrete Columns under Combined Effects of Freeze-Thaw Cycles and Seawater Corrosion

Table 4

Performance degradation of column specimens in comparison with Col-1.

Loading direction	Response	Col-2	Col-3	Col-4
Forward loading	Yield load (%)	−0.07	10.47	18.16
	Ultimate load (%)	2.54	8.91	20.29
	Ductility (%)	27.63	42.32	46.05
Reverse loading	Yield load (%)	10.63	11.74	−0.88
	Ultimate load (%)	12.95	9.55	−2.23
	Ductility (%)	13.60	—	4.82