Research Article
Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock and Treatment Structures in Superlarge Karst Cave of Naqiu Tunnel
Table 1
Mechanical parameters of surrounding rock and artificial structure material.
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 |  | Material type | Elastic modulus E (GPa) | Poisson’s ratio | Density  (kg/m3) | Friction angle  (°) | Cohesive force C (MPa) | Tensile/compressive strength  (MPa) | Constitutive model |  | 
 |  | Surrounding rock | 5.0 | 0.3 | 2300 | 40 | 1.5 | 2.5 (tensile) | M-C |  | Initial support | 25.5 | 0.27 | 2350 | — | — | 15.4 (compressive) | Elastic |  | Retaining wall | 29.5 | 0.2 | 2450 | — | — | 20.1 (compressive) | Elastic |  | Bearing platform | 29.5 | 0.2 | 2450 | — | — | 20.1 (compressive) | Elastic |  | Pile | 29.5 | 0.2 | 2450 | — | — | 20.1 (compressive) | Elastic |  | Backfill | 4.0 | 0.28 | 2200 | 35 | 1.5 | 2 (tensile) | M-C |  | 
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