Vertical Shaft Support Improvement Studies by Strata Grouting at Aquifer Zone

Table 1

The mechanical parameters of the aquifer, the shaft lining and the interface [12, 27].

Element type	Shaft lining	Aquifer	Interface
Elastic modulus (MPa)	20,000	42	Normal modulus (MPa)	100
Poisson’s ratio	0.15	0.3	Shear modulus (MPa)	100
Interior friction angle	35°	20°	20°
Cohesion (MPa)	35	0.04	0.03