Vertical Shaft Support Improvement Studies by Strata Grouting at Aquifer Zone

Table 2

Mechanical properties of strata layers and shaft lining.

Parameters	Sand layer	Clay layer	Aquifer	Bedrock	Shaft lining	UCIC
Young’s modulus (MPa)	42	73.5	42	10,000	20,000	20,000
Poisson’s ratio	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.25	0.15	0.15
Internal friction angle (°)	20	20	20	35	35	35
Cohesion (MPa)	0.03	0.035	0.04	11	35	35
Unit weight (MN/m^3)	0.021	0.021	0.22	0.027	0.03	0.03
Tensile strength (MPa)	0.06	0.07	0.075	6.0	16	10.5