Efficiency Advantages and Incentive Mechanism of PPPs: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis under the Chinese Scenario

Table 3

Brief description of variables.

Variables		Brief description
Outcomes	Allocation efficiency (EALL)	The project can apply PPP. The project is a public need. The government selected qualified private sectors for the project.
	Process efficiency (EPRO)	There is no dispute about the distribution of risks and benefits, and there are dispute resolution clauses in the contract. The private sector expertise is presented in the project, and the government’s experience in the public project area is reflected in the project.
	Individual efficiency (EIND)	Employees have professional knowledge and skills; they invest their energy and wisdom and need to work overtime.
Conditions	Competition (COM)	The private sector is actively participating in bids and is enthusiastic about its strength. The successful bidder has an advantage in financing capacity, construction capacity, or operating ability.
	Ownership and bundling (OWN)	The private sector has ownership and is free to make decisions. When operating the project, they simultaneously take into account all aspects of the project.
	Risk transferring (RIS)	The public and private sectors are good at managing the risks assigned to them
	Economies of scale (SCA)	The successful bidder has similar project experience and will also participate in bidding for other similar projects.
	Cooperation (COO)	The public and private sectors can compromise on differences of opinions and differences of interests, and they will have mutual trust and equal status.
	Individual efforts (IND)	Practitioners feel the competition, also felt the opportunity to have a good career, and satisfactory remuneration.