Calculation of Active Earth Pressure for Narrow Backfill with a Curved Slip Surface

Table 4

Various K values in this paper from widely used formulas.

Method	Expression of	K values in the case of φ = 32.8°, δ = 22°
Coulomb [6]		0.267
Rankine [5]		0.297
Handy [11]		0.324
Paik and Salgado [15]		0.325
Khosravi et al. [4]		0.331
Jaky [28]		0.458
For test		0.375
For test		0.542