Numerical Simulations of the Hall–Petch Relationship in Aluminium Using Gradient-Enhanced Plasticity Model

<div>Schematic illustration of uniaxial strain problem with single crystal and polycrystalline materials. <i>D</i> is the (average) grain size. Dotted lines and bold lines in single crystal and polycrystalline materials represent finite element mesh and grain boundary, respectively.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 2

Figure 2: Numerical Simulations of the Hall–Petch Relationship in Aluminium Using Gradient-Enhanced Plasticity Model 