Deformation Characteristics and Influence Factors of a Shallow Tunnel Excavated in Soft Clay with High Plasticity

<div>Distribution diagram of deformation end value along the longitudinal axis of the tunnel: (a) vault crown settlement; (b) convergence of the left pilot tunnel; (c) convergence of the right pilot tunnel.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 5

Figure 5: Deformation Characteristics and Influence Factors of a Shallow Tunnel Excavated in Soft Clay with High Plasticity 