Deformation Characteristics and Influence Factors of a Shallow Tunnel Excavated in Soft Clay with High Plasticity

<div>Relation between the surrounding rock deformation and invasion thickness and invasion ratio: (a) invasion thickness; (b) invasion ratio.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

Figure 9: Deformation Characteristics and Influence Factors of a Shallow Tunnel Excavated in Soft Clay with High Plasticity 