Failure Mechanism and Factor of Safety for Spatially Variable Undrained Soil Slope

Table 2

Summary of FS and FM types for 50 realizations of random fields.

Realizations		Failure mechanism		FEM Phase^2 6.0	FDM FLAC/Slope	LEM
		Toe	Deep			Bishop	M-P	Spencer
λ = 1 m	1		Yes	1.18	1.2	1.21	1.08	1.08
	2		Yes	0.94	0.95	0.966	1.027	0.979
	3	Yes	Yes	1.11	1.12	1.112	0.994	0.994
	4	Yes		1.04	1.04	1.03	1.09	1.09
	5	Yes		1.02	1.03	1.03	1.08	1.05
	6	Yes		1.19	1.20	1.21	1.16	1.16
	7	Yes		1.20	1.21	1.23	1.19	1.19
	8		Yes	1.13	1.15	1.17	1.06	1.06
	9		Yes	0.92	0.93	0.95	1.10	0.96
	10		Yes	0.84	0.85	0.87	0.90	0.86
λ = 2 m	1		Yes	1.11	1.11	1.14	1.21	1.15
	2		Yes	1.0	1.01	1.03	1.0	1.0
	3		Yes	1.05	1.06	1.08	1.09	1.05
	4		Yes	1.1	1.12	1.14	1.0	1.0
	5	Yes	Yes	1.17	1.18	1.19	1.28	1.19
	6	Yes		0.98	0.97	0.98	1.06	1.05
	7	Yes		1.34	1.35	1.35	1.36	1.35
	8		Yes	1.04	1.06	1.08	1.18	1.09
	9	Yes		1.2	1.2	1.18	1.11	1.16
	10	Yes		1.11	1.12	1.13	1.104	1.104
λ = 5 m	1		Yes	1.36	1.37	1.39	1.63	1.40
	2		Yes	1.39	1.40	1.41	1.58	1.46
	3	Yes		0.75	0.75	0.76	0.8	0.77
	4		Yes	0.87	0.88	0.89	0.86	0.87
	5	Yes		1.16	1.16	1.16	1.10	1.10
	6		Yes	1.31	1.33	1.34	1.18	1.18
	7	Yes	Yes	1.14	1.15	1.15	1.08	1.08
	8	Yes		1.37	1.37	1.35	1.30	1.30
	9		Yes	1.23	1.25	1.27	1.13	1.13
	10	Yes		1.29	1.29	1.26	1.21	1.21
λ = 10 m	1		Yes	1.22	1.23	1.26	1.43	1.35
	2	Yes	Yes	1.25	1.27	1.27	1.12	1.15
	3		Yes	1.39	1.41	1.43	1.60	1.52
	4		Yes	0.97	0.97	1.0	1.07	1.0
	5		Yes	1.05	1.06	1.08	1.21	1.1
	6	Yes		1.44	1.46	1.45	1.33	1.33
	7		Yes	1.09	1.11	1.13	1.0	1.0
	8	Yes		0.91	0.92	0.92	0.9	0.91
	9		Yes	1.24	1.26	1.27	1.32	1.28
	10		Yes	0.86	0.87	0.89	0.95	0.92
λ = +∞	1		Yes	0.98	1.00	1.02	0.93	0.93
	2		Yes	1.14	1.17	1.18	1.07	1.08
	3		Yes	1.08	1.10	1.11	1.00	1.02
	4		Yes	1.17	1.19	1.20	1.10	1.11
	5		Yes	1.42	1.44	1.46	1.32	1.34
	6		Yes	1.23	1.25	1.27	1.15	1.16
	7		Yes	1.78	1.81	1.83	1.65	1.64
	8		Yes	0.84	0.85	0.86	0.77	0.79
	9		Yes	1.20	1.22	1.24	1.13	1.13
	10		Yes	1.13	1.15	1.16	1.06	1.07