Ground Settlements due to Construction of Triplet Tunnels with Different Construction Arrangements

<div>(a) Settlement trough equivalent horizontal twin tunnels (<i>u</i> = 3<i>D</i>). (b) Displacement contours resulting from equivalent horizontal twin tunnels (<i>u</i> = 3<i>D</i>).</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

fig11

Figure 11

Figure 11: Ground Settlements due to Construction of Triplet Tunnels with Different Construction Arrangements 