Failure Modes and Resistance of Perforated Steel Rib Shear Connectors under Uplift Forces

Figure 1

Perforated steel rib shear connectors subjected to uplift forces. (a) Composite beam. (b) Composite slab. (c) Girder-abutment joint. (d) Concrete-filled steel tubular column.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)