Evaluating the Surface Free Energy and Moisture Sensitivity of Warm Mix Asphalt Binders Using Dynamic Contact Angle

Table 1

Properties of PG-64 and PG-76 binders.

Property	Penetration at 25°C, 100 g, 5 sec (0.1 mm)	Softening point (°C)	Ductility at 25°C (cm)	Flash and fire point (°C)	Solubility (%)	Specific gravity
PG-64	86	45	<160	331 and 340	99.52	1.03
PG-76	50	69	90	344 (flash point)	99.50	1.02