Numerical Simulation of Bedrock Sagging Sinkholes in Strain-Softening Rock Induced by Embankment Construction

Figure 23

Potential evolution from bedrock sagging sinkhole to bedrock collapse sinkhole. (a) Stage 1. (b) Stage 2. (c) Stage 3. (d) Stage 4.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)