Segment Stress Characteristics and Ground Deformation Caused by Constructing Closely Spaced Parallel Tunnels under a Complex Geological Condition

<div>Deformation curve of the right line 132nd ring segment caused by left shield excavation before and after reinforcement. (a) Horizontal displacement curves of points A and B before and after reinforcement. (b) Vertical displacement curve of points C and D before and after reinforcement.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 17

Figure 17: Segment Stress Characteristics and Ground Deformation Caused by Constructing Closely Spaced Parallel Tunnels under a Complex Geological Condition 

Figure 17 | Segment Stress Characteristics and Ground Deformation Caused by Constructing Closely Spaced Parallel Tunnels under a Complex Geological Condition 