Performances and Working Mechanisms of Inclined Retaining Structures for Deep Excavations

Figure 1

3D diagram and profile of different types of inclined retaining structures. (a) Inclined piles (IP). (b) Vertical and outward-inclined piles (VOIP). (c) Vertical and inward-inclined piles (VIIP). (d) Outward- and inward-inclined piles (OIIP).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)