Failure and Remediation of an Embankment on Rigid Column-Improved Soft Soil: Case Study

Table 1

Physical and mechanical parameters of each soil layer in section K63 + 500.

Soil	h (m)	(%)	γ (kN/m^3)	Es (MPa)	cq (kPa)	φq (°)	Kv/10^−8 cm/s	qc (MPa)	fs (kPa)
Silty clay	1.2	42.6	16.5	2.6	3.9	4.9	41.6	3.0	47.1
Silt	8.4	75.5	17.2	8.4	5.8	4.0	13.3	0.3	5.2
Silty clay	2.3	47.9	17.0	2.3	4.5	4.9	34.1	1.3	36.0
Silty medium sand	2.2	20.3	16.8	2.2	13.4	11.2	108.7	5.0	48.0
Silty clay	5.1	75.8	15.9	1.8	7.1	7.2	34.6	4.9	22.6
Completely decomposed granites	3.2	—	19.2	—	20.0	20.0	—	10.9	44.5

Note:  = water content; γ = natural weight; E_s = modulus of compressibility; c_q = cohesion (from quick direct shear test); φ_q = internal friction angle (from quick direct shear test); K_v = permeability of the soil in the vertical direction; q_c = static point resistance; f_s = side friction.