Observed Ground Pressure Acting on the Lining of a Large-Diameter Shield Tunnel in Sandy Stratum under High Water Pressure

Table 1

Basic physical and mechanical properties of the soils.

Soil stratum	(%)	γ (kN/m^3)	e	Es (MPa)	C (kPa)	φ (°)	f (kPa)	Cu	Cc
Muddy silty clay	39.7	18.9	1.135	3.45	11	5.4	65	9.710	2.480
Silt and fine sand	24.6	19.4	0.724	15.47	8	31.8	180	6.72	2.51
Medium coarse sand and coarse sand	20.5	20.1	0.612	15.2	10	31.1	300	13.66	2.93
Pebbles	—	22.55	—	—	—	—	—	38.55	2.30

The table is reproduced from Zhou et al. [6].  = water content, γ = natural unit weight of the soil, e = void ratio, E_s = compression modulus of the soil, C = cohesion, φ = angle of internal friction, f = bearing capacity of the ground, C_u = the uniformity coefficient, and C_c = the curvature coefficient. Values for C and φ were obtained from consolidated-undrained (CU) triaxial tests.