Formulation of a Yield Surface for Sand Based on the Elastic Threshold Strain

Figure 6

Determination of m of the elliptic yield surface (grey dot lines) based on the proposed yield surface (black solid lines) for Toyoura sand when p₀ is fixed as 20,000: (a) void ratio e = 0.6, (b) e = 0.8, and (c) e = 1.0.

(a)

(b)

(c)