Structural Damage of Subway Tunnel Buried Shallowly in Silt Layer under Soil Mound Loading

Table 1

Material parameters.

Material	Density (kg/m^3)	Elastic modulus (MPa)	Poisson’s ratio	Dilation angle (°)	Angle of friction (°)	Flow stress ratio
Mound soil layer①	1930	29.4	0.30	33.0	15.0	0.804
Miscellaneous fill soil layer②	1940	30.6	0.30	33.0	15.0	0.804
Clay soil layer③	1930	26.0	0.43	36.2	19.0	0.804
Silt soil layer④	1930	17.3	0.41	27.8	14.0	0.85
Silt soil layer⑤	1920	16.0	0.39	41.9	23.0	0.78
Silty clay soil layer⑥	2020	29.4	0.41	43.3	24.0	0.78
Silt soil layer⑦	2020	25.6	0.33	45.8	26.0	0.78
Silt soil layer⑧	1940	23.7	0.31	34.6	18.0	0.81
Silty clay	1930	27.1	0.35	34.0	17.8	0.81
Concrete	2500	34.5 × 10^3	0.20	—	—	—
Bolt/rebar	7850	2.0 × 10^5	0.30	—	—	—