Type I Fracture Toughness Test of Rock-like Materials Based on the Particle Flow Method

<table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="10"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left" colspan="5">Particle parameters</td><td class="align_center" colspan="5">Parallel bond parameters</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="10"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Density (kg × m<sup>−3</sup>)</td><td class="align_center">Ratio of particle size</td><td class="align_center">Contact modulus (GPa)</td><td class="align_center">Contact stiffness (<i>k</i><sub>n</sub> × <i>k</i><sub>s</sub><sup>−1</sup>)</td><td class="align_center">Friction coefficient</td><td class="align_center">Bond modulus (GPa)</td><td class="align_center">Ratio of bond stiffness (<i>pb</i>_<i>k</i><sub>n</sub> × <i>pb</i>_<i>k</i><sub>s</sub><sup>−1</sup>)</td><td class="align_center">Normal bond strength (GPa)</td><td class="align_center">Shear bond strength (MPa)</td><td class="align_center">Multiplier of radius</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">1850</td><td class="align_center">1.6</td><td class="align_center">2.3</td><td class="align_center">2.0</td><td class="align_center">0.45</td><td class="align_center">2.3</td><td class="align_center">2.0</td><td class="align_center">11</td><td class="align_center">15</td><td class="align_center">1.0</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="10"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Particles microscopic parameters of group A.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Table 1

Table 1: Type I Fracture Toughness Test of Rock-like Materials Based on the Particle Flow Method 