Numerical Analysis on the Behavior of Existing Tunnels Subjected to the Undercrossed Shield Tunneling at a Small Proximity

<div>The influence of frictional angel on the inner deformation of existing tunnel. (a) The settlement curves of the existing tunnel. (b) The linear fitting of the maximum settlement value of the existing tunnel.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 17

Figure 17: Numerical Analysis on the Behavior of Existing Tunnels Subjected to the Undercrossed Shield Tunneling at a Small Proximity 