Constructing a Risk-Sharing Framework for Sponge City PPP Projects from the Perspective of the Individual Participant

Table 6

Initial risk sharing result.

Risk-bearing type	Indicators of the risk	Participant(s) bearing the risk
Risk taken separately	Time delay (c9), lack of technical ability (c10), and change due to poor design (c11).	WGCCD
	Government intervention (c1), government default (c2), immature law and regulations (c3), and government inaction (c4)	WSCC
	Lack of management experience (c13) and unreasonable operating technology (c16)	WCS
Shared risk	Project financing failure (c5)	WSCC, WIS, and FI
	Interest rate (c6) and market price change (c7)	WIS and WCS
	Cost overspending (c8)	WSCC, WGCCD, WIS, and WCS
	Insufficient operating income (c14) and lack of an effective payment mechanism (c15)	WSCC and WCS