Analytical Study of Soil Displacement Induced by Twin Shield Tunneling in Semi-Infinite Viscoelastic Ground

Figure 10

Different tunnel spacing causes a change in the ground settlement at points (–10, L/2, 0) with time under the action of the support pressures (a), shield shell frictions (b), grouting pressures (c), and total displacement over time (d).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)