Digital Twin Hospital Buildings: An Exemplary Case Study through Continuous Lifecycle Integration

Table 1

A nonexhaustive list of integration contents during lifecycle phases.

	Static data	Dynamic information	Diagnosis model
Design phase	Geometry of building elements	—	Consistency check from drawings to BIM
	^▲Space division
Construction phase	Material information	Continuous changes to the original designs	—
	^▲Factory information of important machinery
	Position points of sensor devices and cameras
Pre-O&M phase	^▲Control logic of HVAC systems	—	Range of influence analysis
O&M phase	Repair knowledge	BA monitoring data	Abnormal electric usage detection
	Maintenance requirements	Energy consumption	Air-handling unit fault prediction
		Repair business system	Frequent repair pattern recognition
		Systems for medical use
		Real-time weather

“▲” denotes data that ensure consistency in subsequent phases or final DT.