Experimental Study on the Soil Conditioning Materials for EPB Shield Tunneling in Silty Sand

Table 1

Physical and mechanical parameters of soils.

No.	Soil layers	γ (kN/m^3)	ω (%)	c (kPa)	φ (°)	Es (MPa)
3–2	Clay	18.0	18.6	18	10	5.0
3–3	Muddy clay	17.5	22.5	10	4	3.0
3–4	Silty clay	18.0	29.2	13	14	5.5
3–5	Silty sand	18.5	30.5	0	30	14

Note. γ is the unit weight; ω is the water content; c is the cohesion; φ is the friction angle; E_s is the constrained modulus.