Forecasting Disastrous Characteristics of Highway Landslides Using the Material Point Method: A Surcharge-Induced Perspective

Figure 7

Evolution of displacement field and plastic strain zone: (a) time = 1 s, (b) time = 2 s, (c) time = 3 s, (d) time = 4 s, (e) time = 6 s, (f) time = 8 s, (g) time = 10 s, (h) time = 12 s.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)